HOW TO CALCULATE EFFECTIVE AND LOW IMPEDANCE

How to calculate a 90-degree bend in the pigtail channel

How to calculate a 90-degree bend in the pigtail channel

The calculation formula is: BA = (Angle × π/180) × (Radius + K-factor × Thickness) Where Angle: is the bending angle in degrees (for a 90-degree bend, it is 90°). Then input the bend angle to get the arc length, bend allowance and bend deduction. With this bend allowance calculator, you will learn how to calculate the length of a sheet metal bend so you can optimally create metal bendings without a bend allowance chart. It works as a bend deduction calculator too! This tool calculates bend allowance/deduction based on material thickness.

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How to calculate a short circuit in an optical cable

How to calculate a short circuit in an optical cable

Step-by-step method with adiabatic equation, I²t let-through energy & worked examples. Understanding short-circuit current in cables is essential for ensuring safety, reliability, and IEC compliance. Accurate calculations help select correct cable sizes and protective devices, preventing failures in electrical systems. The following calculator computes the expected time for a cable, conductor, or bus bar to rise in temperature under short circuit or short-time overcurrent conditions.

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How to calculate a 10dB optical attenuator

How to calculate a 10dB optical attenuator

A dB = 10 · log 10 (P in /P out) If you know attenuation in dB, switch to "Output values from known dB attenuation". Of course, you also need to be able to determine the attenuator value in decibels required for your application. In this example let's assume that the maximum optical input power a fiber-optic receiver can operate with is -6dBm. The tool computes resistor values in different configurations: R1 = Zo [10dB/20 + 1] / [10dB/20 – 1] R2 = Zo/2 [10dB/10 – 1] / [10dB/20] where R1 is the shunt resistor (to ground). Determine output power in dBm and milliwatts, power reduction ratio, transmittance percentage, and total system loss including insertion loss.

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How to calculate the nonlinearity of an optical power meter

How to calculate the nonlinearity of an optical power meter

The nonlinear phase shift ϕSPM of the signal can be obtained from the measurement of the intensity ratio I0 /I1 of the fundamental wavelength to the first-order sideband , , i. These methods were compared analytically using a unified mathematical expression for nonlinearity [1-3]. We have developed a system for measuring the nonlinearity of optical power meters or detectors over a dynamic range of more than 60 dB at telecommunications wavelengths. Evaluation of the measurement uncertainty shows that the most significant source of uncertainty is the measurement of fiber-optic power.

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