Fiber-optic sensor
Fiber-optic sensors are used in electrical switchgear to transmit light from an electrical arc flash to a digital protective relay to enable fast tripping of a breaker to reduce the energy in the arc blast.
Principle of Fixed Fiber Optic Sensors
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A fiber optic sensor measures a physical quantity by modulating the intensity, spectrum, phase, or polarization of light traveling through the optical fiber system. Jose Miguel Lopez-Higuera: Handbook of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology, John Wiley & Sons, 2002. Radiation absorption creates electronic excited states that are trapped by localized defects for extended periods of. A fiber-optic sensor is a sensor that uses optical fiber either as the sensing element ("intrinsic sensors"), or as a means of relaying signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the signals ("extrinsic sensors"). Due to its small size, low cost and ease of fabrication leading it to replace traditional sensors which were used frequently before th birth of fiber optic sensors.